subject Theory [Thesis learned the "Scholium" of the Book]
Alain Badiou [version. rtf available here ]
01. A subject is an indirect relationship between a creator and a world event.
02. In the context of a becoming-subject, the event (whose whole being is to disappear) is represented by a footprint, the world (which, as such, does not support any subject) is represented by a body.
03. A subject is the general direction of the effects of the body in accordance with the required footprint. It is, therefore, form en trace of the effects of the body.
04. The reality of a subject lies in the consequences (impact on a world) of the relationship, which is to that subject, including a footprint and a body.
05. In relation to a given set of consequences in accordance with the requirement of the road, almost always happens to a body part is available or useful, and another is passive, even harmful. Consequently, every body subjectivise is cleaved (blacked out).
06. There are two kinds of consequences, and therefore two forms of the subject. The first takes the form of continuous adjustments inside the old world, local appropriations subject to the new objects and relations of this world. The second closure is imposed by the world in situations where the complexity of identities and differences is brutally redirected to the subject, the requirement of a choice between two possibilities, and only two. The first method is an opening, operating in continuous opening a possible new opportunities near the old world. The second form, we will study in detail in Book VI, is a point. In the first case the subject is presented as an endless negotiation with the world, whose structures and open dissent. In the second case, is presented as a decision, whose location is imposed by the impossibility of forcing forced open as possible.
07. A subject is a sequence that implies continuity and discontinuities, openings and points. The "and" is embodied in a subject. Or even (in-body) *: One subject is the conjunctiva of a body.
08. The sequential construction of a subject is easier in the opening moments, but the subject is so often a weak person. This construction is more difficult when it is necessary to cross points, but the subject is thus much stronger.
09. A new world is created subjectively point by point.
10. The generic name of a subjective construction is: truth.
11. Four signal affect the incorporation the human animal to the subjective process of truth: First witness the desire for Great Point, a crucial discontinuity suddenly install the new world and ends with the subject. We can call it terror. The second witness the fear of the points, down to the darkness of all that is broken, everything that requires a choice between two hypotheses unsecured. Or even the signa affect the desire for continuity, a shelter monotonous. The distress call. The third affirms the acceptance of a plurality of points, the fact that the continuities are both compelling and multifaceted. We can call it courage. The fourth-affirming that the subject is a constant point intricacy and openings. Asserts the equivalence, with respect to the primacy of becoming-subject, of what is continuous and negotiated, and what is broken and violent. These are nothing more than subjective methods, which depend on the construction of the subject in a world and the capabilities of the body to produce effects on it. It need not be nested. The war may be worth as much as peace, negotiation and struggle, violence as well as calm. Call this affection, which act categories are subordinated to the contingency of worlds justice.
12. Oppose the value of courage and justice to the "evil" anguish and terror is not merely an effect of opinion. To unfold the incorporation of the human animal to a subjective process, so that the animal in a subject discipline and the construction of a truth will emerge demands the grace to be immortal, "all the affections are needed.
13. The ethics of the subject, whose other name is "ethic of truths", is equivalent, when the issue is the incorporation of a human animal, the following: find a point by point affects order authorizing the continuation the process.
[Alain Badiou, Logics of Worlds: Being and Event, 2 .- 1 ª ed. -Buenos Aires: Manantianl, 2008.]
The strategy of thinking that governs this book is as follows: to see from the beginning it is not fully intelligible, but in the end. Indeed, what is a singular subject? Is the active carrier (or body, or organic) of dialectical materialism bypass simple. Materialist dialectics says: "There are only bodies and languages, but there are truths." The "but" there as a subject. Put another way: if a body is revealed can produce effects that exceed the body-language (and such effects are called truths), it is said that body is subjectivism. Insist on what might be called syntactic induction of the subject. It is certainly not the pronoun "the" I "or" we "of the first people-brand, but the" save "the" but ", the" unless "by which it comes to making subsection, in continuous phrasing of a world, the fragile scintillation that has no place to be.
What does not Instead of being: we must take this into its two possible meanings. It is that which, by law transcendental world, or the authorities appear not to be, and also what is subtracted-out of-a mundane location multiplicities, the place of being: the being-there . Ported by an active body intramundane a prescribed subject effects and their consequences, stress incision and places it organizes.
I was not mistaken me for over twenty years, in my Théorie du sujet, while organizing the dialectic of spied [Esplac] (say, more darkly, of the worlds) and fuerlugar [horlieu] [1] (say, inducing subjects like body form the truth). Except that, precisely, went straight to the dialectic, without removing all the consequences "of Great logic-bound materialism, which stated at the time, a dark awareness of its compactness, it was like the black sheep herd of ideas. Truths that are constrained to appear on-body, this is the problem whose amplitude is not measured, and that such I once posed. Now I have made clear that the dialectical thinking of a singular subject supposed to know what is an effective body, excess body-system logical languages, in short, to dominate not only the ontology of truth, but making them appear in a world, way of its deployment, the severity of their taxation laws that surround it locally, everything whose existence "individual" recapitulates the moment that the syntax is the exception.
How to start here, then, the exposure of such a dialectic, as we ignore, for now, the first principles of logic appear, and do not even know what a world, what is an object, and therefore much less what a body? Well, it's possible entry about the subject, because the theory of the subject is essentially formal. Let us explain.
A subject is always presented as formalizing the effects of a body to a certain logic, or counter-productive. Thus, a communist party in the twenties / thirties, is a political body subjectivized that, faced with working and popular, produces effects sometimes readable as progress towards building a revolutionary public awareness (such as the commitment to support anti-colonial war in the Rif led by Abd el-Krim) or reactive effects (such as anti-leftist fight the French Communist Party between May 68 and the elections of 1974), or liquidators disastrous effects (such as the practices of the German Communist Party in the early thirties). Similarly, a number of musical works, say those of the great Viennese between of Schoenberg Pierrot Lunaire (1913) and last cantata of Webern (1944), builds a body made subjective art, in the context of an impotence verified of música tonal, produce efectos de ruptura sistémica y, al mismo tiempo, la sedimentación de una nueva sensibilidad (brevedad, importancia del silencio, unidad de parámetros, fracaso de la "narración" musical, etcétera). Se ve entonces que el sujeto es lo que impone la legibilidad de una orientación unificada a la multiplicidad del cuerpo. El cuerpo es un elemento compuesto del mundo; el sujeto, lo que fija en el cuerpo el secreto de los efectos que él produce .
Por eso podemos presentar desde el principio las figuras del sujeto sin tener los recursos para pensar el devenir efectivo, or concrete, a subject historically determined, which is only exposed to the thinking on the condition of a description of the body that supports it. We call this presentation of the figures, indifferent to the particular injury: a formal theory of the subject. That the theory of formal subject is to say, very precisely, "subject" means a system of forms and operations. The material support of that system is a body, and the production of all-the formalism is carried by a body-is true (faithful subject), or a denial of truth (subject reagent), or a concealment of truth (dark subject) .
The goal of this book 1 is a presentation outlining the formalism, in particular to define and symbolize the operations, then justify the type (subject faithful subject reagent, dark subject.) Is then referred to the very difficult question of the bodies, which involves the entire Grand Logic (Book II to IV), real change theory (book V) and formal decision theory, or theory of the "points" transcendental (book VI). Of the bodies, they will then for the moment, the existence and nature, issues elucidated in the book VII at the expense of a hard task. Similarly, although one subject only, in short, to local people the truth, but will not touch the doctrine of truths, whose articulation is given in detail in other texts, and first naturally, Being and event. be deducted from all this that what it is, here, is undoubtedly as-subject. To think this way, simply assume that the subjective formalism slumber by a body-side is that it exposes a truth in a world. However, briefly introduce the modalities subjective. They cross the three figures subjective and the four procedures of truth (love, science, art, politics).
say that no theory (formal) the subject is taken in the strong sense: the subject, there can be only theory. "Subject" is the nominal rate of a concept to be built in a field of singular thought, the philosophy here. Finally, to assert that the subject must have a formal theory is opposed to three measurements (dominating) the concept of subject:
"Subject" will assemble a record of experience, a circuit diagram of the reflective and aware of the unthinking: the thesis that joint subject and consciousness, and is deployed now as phenomenology
"subject" would be a moral category. That category would appoint (tautologically) is imperative for all "subject", to consider any other subject as a subject. only a posteriori, and so uncertain, that category becomes normative theory. Lead to this conclusion, at present, all varieties of neo-Kantianism.
"subject" would be an ideological fiction, an imaginary in which the apparatus of state-designate said Althusser "appeals" - to individuals.
could not have, none of these three cases, a formal theory, independent of the subject.
If
subject is, in effect, a reflective scheme, is giving immediate and irrefutable, and we have to describe its immediacy in terms appropriate to the experience. However, in an experience, the passive element, which becomes prior to any construction, it is not likely to fall under a formal concept. Are formal concepts, on the contrary, those who assume a passive donation, as they are sorted according to the summary of the given organization.
If the subject is now a moral category, is on record of the standard and to that title can be no doubt what is at stake in a way, for example mandatory ("Respect every individual in the human subject is"), but not the form itself. This definition of the subject, as is clear, moreover, nowadays, is happy with the empirical evidence of the living body. What you need to respect the animal body as such. The forms are only those in that respect.
If the subject is, in short, an ideological construction, as it is without substance, pure rhetoric determining appropriate for a state mandate. No one could talk, then, materialist formalism. And indeed, for Althusser and his successors, "subject" is the central determination of idealism. In the background, the subject is too immediate in the case phenomenological body too (or "biopolitical") for ethics, too formal in the case ideological.
must say that we owe to Lacan, in the wake of Freud, but Descartes also to have opened the way for a formal theory of the subject whose seat is materialistic, and was opposed to the phenomenology, Kant and a certain structuralism-it notes, as held by the course of this road.
absolute starting point is that a theory of the subject could not be the theory of an object. Just so it is only theoretical (no steeper than the metaphorical) and essentially formal . the subject is not an object not prohibited, but requires not only that it has a being, but it has also a show. However, in this book 1, it is just the typical forms this appearance, bearing in mind that in the absence of a complete theory of bodies, do not suppose the subject rather than its pure act: picking up a body effective with an appropriate formalism. That is like saying that, under the heading of "subject" does not speak here only of the forms of formalism.
willingly would put this company paradoxical, to say the form of what is only the act in a way, between two statements of Pindar. First, an excerpt from the Olympic I : "The rumor of mortals beyond telling the truth." This means that, although subject to the truth, how-subject (the "rumor of mortals") is also a bypass, a clearance every singular truth towards a kind of explanatory power of the True. Then, an extract of the VI Nemea: "However, at one point we are alike, either as a great spirit, and as nature, the Immortals." Which means that, unless it is, and as form-in the sense of Platonic idea, the subject is immortal. In short, torn between a restrictive construction (or conditioned) and a statement amplifying (or unconditional). The subject is build, absolutely, but the subjective, claim the structure is more than a structure. Is a figure (or a set of figures) that "reads" always more than the combinations that support it. call operations to the schemes set-subject structure. There are four operations: the bar, the result (or implication), the deletion (or slash) and denial. The appearance of a fifth extinction, depends more on the effects of acts. call destinations to schemes that are linked to the figures of the subject. There are four destinations: the production, denial, concealment and resurrection. We assume, from one extreme to another, which is in the "world" in which the subject displays as:
- an event that left an imprint. Ε write down this track. The theory of the event and the route is in the book V, but it is only understandable if one assumes the entire logic (transcendental , object relationship), or all the books II to IV;
- a body from the event, which will note C.. L to theory the body occupies the whole book VII (the last), which is a fairly comprehensive understanding of the books II to IV
As
see, what is "difficult" is not the subject, is the body. Physics is always more difficult than the meta-physical. This difficulty (to come) is not an obstacle at the moment. The theory of the subject can be formal means, in effect, that we need to know what input is a body, or even that there is a body, nor need to know, with rigor required, the nature of events. We simply assume that there was a break in the real world, we call an event, a trace of that rupture, ε, and finally a body C, correlated with e (that does not exist as a body, but under the condition of the track Event building). The formal theory of the subject is then, under the condition of ε and C (trace and body), theory of operations (figures) and destinations (acts).
[Alain Badiou, Logics of Worlds: Being and Event, 2 .- 1 ª ed. -Buenos Aires: Manantianl, 2008.]
[1] (n. of t.) The neologism Esplac condense espace nouns (" space ") and place (in the sense of" place "assigned or assigned: portion of space that something or someone takes or should take), and translated by " spied " condensation between" space "and" square "(also in the sense of place granted or assigned, as the seats in a theater, for example). In terms Badiou, Théorie du sujet on , the Esplac is espace de placement (the "space site"). In the neologism horlieu contracts expression hors-lieu, also neologism that refers to hors de lien (literally, "out of place") and translate it roughly equivalent to a contraction, "fuerlugar." The horlieu, in Badiou's words, is the term that is included in the place so much out of place (which is not provided in the space of location), ie, as an exception. In the context of logics worlds refers clearly to "but", "except that" or "unless" the truths induced by a subject.
introduction presentation of the seminar / workshop
in worlds we walk in the situations we inhabit, in the middle of the knot of bodies and languages \u200b\u200bthat make up our existence emerges an exception, an event. Its release coincides with their disappearance. But a trail. A mundane track that opens the possibility to decide on the situational consequences of the event. Badiou called "subject" to the general direction of these effects on body (Ie, on a mundane settings suitable for use as support subjective formalism). What is at stake is the production of a new present. One type subjective proposed to be consistent with the event and its trace. This is the true subject. Another form subjective attempt to deny that present inherent power to deny its possibility. Is the subject reagent. Finally there is another possibility subjective, involving the concealment of this behind a corporeality (ethnic, race, nation, community) presented as full. If the subject will be dark.
This seminar-workshop is intended as a triple introduction: the theory of the subject in Badiou, the general thinking of the author, to his most recent "logics of the worlds' second and last part of his most important work of" Being and the leading event. "
Target Anyone who, in their political experiences, artistic, scientific or love has been found to the problems arising from the production of a new present and the risks of denial and concealment are almost always latent. No previous knowledge required of the work of Badiou.
work mode On the basis of a previous reading, will be an exhibition that aims to bring the network structure of the text and conceptual issues that emerge from them. After this exhibition, work in a participatory manner, producing a collective assumption of the questions from the participants will formulate the text.
As initial reading material attached the introduction of the section "Logic of the Worlds" entitled "Formal Theory of the Subject" and 13 theses drawn from the scholia to ending this section. Duration
8 meetings
Day & Time Friday 19hs to 20.30hs
Starting Friday, 3 April
Place Mendoza 1059. Rosario. Argentina. Agenda
develop 1. Introduction 2. Concerning subject and operations of the faithful 3. Deduction of the subject reagent: new reactionary 4. The dark subject: full body and concealment of this 5. The four destinations subjective 6. The final issue 7. Procedures de verdad y figuras del sujeto 8. Tipología
Arancel Curso completo $180 o dos cuotas de $100 (una al inicio de cada mes) El costo del curso incluye material bibliográfico. Sobre Alain Badiou Filósofo, dramaturgo y novelista, preside, en la École nórmale supérieure (Francia), el Centre international d'étude de la philosophie française contemporaine. Tal vez sea el “último mohicano” de la generación de pensadores franceses del ’68. Entre sus obras principales se cuentan “El Being and Event "(1988) and" Logic of the worlds. Being and Event 2 "(2006). For more information: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Badiou
About seminar coordinator Franco Ingrassia (Rosario, 1976). A master's degree in participatory research at the University Complutense of Madrid. Maintains a psychotherapy practice in public and in his office. Integra Laboratory Institutional Review Rosario. He has published several articles in magazines such as turbot (Argentina), Mute (UK), The Old Mole (Spain) and DeriveApprodi (Italy). Because of problems encountered in various clinical procedures and militants have been researching the work of Alain Badiou for over 10 years.
